Privacy on Internet Essay - 1587 Words

David Gallo Ms. Snellings English III April 1st, 2012 Internet Privacy Essay With the internet gaining such popularity, privacy has become a thing of the past. People have come to accept that strangers can view personal information about them on social networks such as facebook, and companies and the government are constantly viewing peoples’ activity online for a variety of reasons. The government has attempted to help the consumer regain their privacy online by passing the Consumer Internet Privacy Protection Act of 1997, although it is difficult to enforce and has become outdated with the fast-moving tendency of the constantly changing internet. Some companies including yahoo and google have come under scrutiny about violating†¦show more content†¦They also share personal information including email to several other websites, resulting in endless spam. A study was done that proved at least 45% of the top 185 most visited websites are sharing user information with another website—and often, they share with at least four other website s. On many websites, at the end of their privacy policy is a small, pre-checked box that asks the user whether this website can share your information with other websites. Many people don’t even see this box, and end up agreeing to it because it is so discreet and already checked off. Furthermore, â€Å"Online advertising is an enormous source of information collected about consumers, and serves as an important lens to focus our understanding of data collection and use.† (Harbour) These companies use text files called cookies to save the pages you visit and information you like to view, storing it right on your own computer (Lane). Most people don’t realize what types and amounts of information collected by internet businesses, or why it’s commercially valuable. Data is currency in the internet industry, and the greater amount of data, the greater potential for analysis and profit. Companies have to stop collecting so much data about their consumers, as p ersonal browsing information is private andShow MoreRelated Essay on Internet Privacy - Invasion of Privacy on the Internet964 Words   |  4 PagesInvasion of Privacy on the Internet       Invasion of privacy is a serious issue concerning the Internet, as e-mails can be read if not encrypted, and cookies can track a user and store personal information. Lack of privacy policies and employee monitoring threatens security also. Individuals should have the right to protect themselves as much as possible from privacy invasion and shouldnt have to give in to lowered standards of safety being pursued by the government.    EncryptionRead MoreInternet Privacy1375 Words   |  6 PagesA Right to Privacy? What a Joke! It has become a sad and upsetting fact that in todays society the truth is that the right to ones privacy in the I.T (information technological) world has become, simply a joke. In an electronic media article No place to hide, written by James Norman, two interesting and debatable questions were raised: ‘Are we witnessing the erosion of the demarcation of public and private spaces brought on by the networked economy and new technology? Also, ‘What rolesRead MoreInternet Privacy1946 Words   |  8 PagesInternet Privacy The concern about privacy on the Internet is increasingly becoming an issue of international dispute. ?Citizens are becoming concerned that the most intimate details of their daily lives are being monitored, searched and recorded.? (www.britannica.com) 81% of Net users are concerned about threats to their privacy while online. The greatest threat to privacy comes from the construction of e-commerce alone, and not from state agents. 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He is just another entity living in the midst of a high technology society to whom privacy seems to be dead when reaching the Internet. With all the traffic on the Internet, the risk of private information falling into the wrong hands is excessive, and with all the advances in computer technology the rate of privacyRead MoreEssay on Internet Privacy1325 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Privacy It has become a sad and upsetting fact that in today’s society the truth is that the right to one’s privacy in the I.T (information technological) world has become, simply a joke. In an electronic media article â€Å"No place to hide†, written by James Norman, two interesting and debatable questions were raised: ‘Are we witnessing the erosion of the demarcation of public and private spaces brought on by the networked economy and new technology?’ Also, ‘What roles do government, industryRead MoreEssay On Internet Privacy1658 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Privacy: An introduction (Mike Campbell) A famous and often misunderstood quote from Benjamin Franklin says that those who would give up an essential liberty to purchase a small, temporary safety, deserve neither the liberty nor the safety (Wittes, 2015) . This quote is usually used in the opposite of its original intent, according to historical context (Wittes, 2015) but it’s easy to see why it may be misused. The sentiment we likely draw from it is that sacrificing privacy for safetyRead MoreGoogle and Internet Privacy717 Words   |  3 PagesGoogle and Internet Privacy In this exercise on ethics and privacy policy we focus our studies on an oft occurring situation in offices that have multiple employees sharing office resources that may lead to intrusive instances. The case refers to a couple of employee’s complaints of unwarranted pop-ups on their computers from unsolicited advertisers. In particular, the ads pertain to some sorts of HIV/AIDS medications that stimulate recovery from this fatal disease or at least help cope with itRead More Internet Privacy Essays1814 Words   |  8 Pages Internet Privacy The concern about privacy on the Internet is increasingly becoming an issue of international dispute. ?Citizens are becoming concerned that the most intimate details of their daily lives are being monitored, searched and recorded.? (www.britannica.com) 81% of Net users are concerned about threats to their privacy while online. The greatest threat to privacy comes from the construction of e-commerce alone, and not from state agents. E-commerce is structured on the copy and trade

Article Review When Sex Goes School - 1457 Words

David Miller Pacific University August 12, 2015 Book Review: When Sex Goes to School In a busy and complicated landscape of sexuality and gender, it is generally recognized that children need instruction in how to behave. Unfortunately, the way that adults wish young people to be introduced to sexuality is governed by diverse worldviews and values, and the subject is seen as so important that this disparity leaves little room for neutrality, much less reasoned compromise. In many cases, the education of children in sexuality is regarded on all sides as a life-and-death issue, involving fundamental assumptions about the role of public and private institutions and even the very stability of society, to say nothing of the potential risks to individuals. As When Sex Goes to School puts it, there is very little within the domain of American politics and the infamous â€Å"culture wars† that is not touched by or based in the realm of sexuality and gender, and sex education is an arena where each side seeks to have its values publicly established for the benefit of students. Author Kristin Luker identifies two broadly defined (and diametrically opposed) camps in modern America, which she refers to as sexual liberals and sexual conservatives. Both camps are represented by strong views about sexuality in general and children s sexuality in particular. Their beliefs are rooted in American history: the conservatives draw ideological points both from interpretations of ancientShow MoreRelatedArticle Review : When Sex Goes School1458 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: David Miller Pacific University August 12, 2015 Book Review: When Sex Goes to School In a busy and complicated landscape of sexuality and gender, it is generally recognized that children need instruction in how to behave. Unfortunately, the way that adults wish young people to be introduced to sexuality is governed by diverse worldviews and values, and the subject is seen as so important that this disparity leaves little room for neutrality, much less reasoned compromise. In many casesRead MoreCyberbullying Behaviors, By Nadine M. Connell1787 Words   |  4 PagesArticle Review In the article, â€Å"Badgrlz? Exploring Sex Differences in Cyberbullying Behaviors,† written by Nadine M. Connell1, Natalie M. Schell-Busey, Allison N. Pearce, and Pamela Negro, the topic of cyberbullying is discussed. Their research focuses on whether or not there’s a correlation between cyberbullying and gender. Research on bullying suggests that traditional bullying occurs between males and includes participation in physical acts, while females engage in more relational attacks. HoweverRead MoreLiterature Review Gay Marriage around the world is something of a controversial topic. Everyone900 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Gay Marriage around the world is something of a controversial topic. Everyone has a different opinion on the rights of gay people and how exactly the matter should be addressed. Some countries have made it illegal to practice homosexuality; some even consider it punishable by death. But what do Christians around the world and specifically in South Africa think about it? Andrew Sullivan discusses the fact that younger people during our time period find homosexuality more acceptableRead MoreWhy Are Statutory Rape Laws in NC More Favorable for the Girl Rather Than the Guy?1426 Words   |  6 Pageshumbler terms it is when a male adult 18 years or older has sexual intercourse with a female who is 17 years old or younger without consent. The issue that I have seen arise a great deal of the time is that the laws in most states are sexually biased when it comes to an adult male and an underage female. In this essay I want to specifically focus on the State of North Carolina, being that I live in this state. There is more than one type of rape believe it or not. According to (Article 7A NCGA) ThereRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Rates Have Reached An All Time High1565 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequence, high schools around the country have taken a decision to step up and take an action in decreasing the rate of teen pregnancy. Becoming a parent permanently and profoundly alters a teenager s life. Most of the girls forget about their dreams of happy marriage, and become mothers at an early age. College is almost always out of the question, graduating high School becomes a goal most teenage moms do not achieve. Today, there are many types of birth control found in schools across the country;Read MorePersuasive Essay On Human Trafficking851 Words   |  4 Pagesin danger. Human trafficking is a worldwide issue that has been going on for decades, and all the issues of the trafficking would make one wonder, how can it be stopped? Human trafficking has become the modern-day slavery, it can be associa ted with sex and drugs, and it is happening with a lot of women for reasons such as technology. On January 31, 1865 the House of Representatives passed the 13th amendment, this amendment abolished slavery in the united states. To this day, the 13th amendment remindsRead MoreTitle Ix And The Law1480 Words   |  6 Pageslaw was originally to give girls the opportunity to play the same sports as boys were able to, and thanks to the law girls are now given these opportunities to play sports in addition to also give many transgender students more rights within the schools than ever before. Even with all these steps forward in society, there are still those who believe that this law has pushed society back instead. Just as this law had created more opportunities for women, it seems to have taken some away from men inRead More Sex Education in School Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages Sex is something that almost everyone will experience before they die. It is a subject that has been debated about for years. From the debate over birth control to the outbreak of aids. With all t his history behind us, sex is becoming even more of an issue. With the new outbreaks of sexually transmitted diseases and the fact that sexually active persons are becoming younger, sex has now become a daily topic. Sex scandals in the media and talk such as who slept with who at last nights kegRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Prevention : One Of The Most Controversial Subjects875 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem is usually in the home, in the school system, and the cost of contraception and the barriers in obtaining it. The biggest predicament regarding the issue of adolescent pregnancy is the question of prevention. Preventing teen pregnancy includes problems such as the availability of birth control, sexual education among children and adolescents, and parental involvement. In the article â€Å"Preventing Unintended Pregnancy: The Contraceptive CHOICE project in Review,† written by Natalia E. Birgisson,Read MoreVideo Game Content Appropriate For The Everyday Teenager1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthis, I completely agree. I have a sixteen year old brother who plays video games for three to four hours a day. As soon as he gets home from school, he goes straight to playing his video games. Designing a video game takes lots of patience and time. The first step of designing a game is designing the content and rules. After this is completed, the game then goes to the pre-production step. The design of a video game needs imaginative and mechanical ability and good writing abilities. Designers, just

Hydrophonics An Agricultural Advancements Free Essays

From cloned animals to herbicide-resistant seed, science-based technologies have never had a larger influence on agriculture than they are today and will likely continue to have in the future. The technological advancements in agriculture between 1960 and 1990 are often referred to as the Green Revolution. These innovations included the development and commercialization of high-yield seeds, the increased application of chemical pesticides and herbicides, and the widespread use of modern fertilizers and irrigation techniques. We will write a custom essay sample on Hydrophonics: An Agricultural Advancements or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soil Science is the natural resource science devoted to the thin layer of the earth’s lithosphere (crust) responsible for supporting life. Soil Science includes the basic biological, chemical geological and physical characteristics of the soils of the world, as well as the management of soils to produce food and protect the environment. Hydroponics from the Latin ‘water working’, is simply growing plants without soil. Hydroponics is as old as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Today this technology is widely used to grow lush, healthy indoor plants and premium grade vegetables, fruits and herbs. The physiological requirements of plants can be met without the use of soil or natural sunlight. Plants are rooted (and thus supported) in an inert medium and nutrition is provided by water soluble mineral elements. The corn borer is devastating for the farmer, costing growers more than $1 billion annually in the United States. Bt stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, which is a naturally occurring soil organism. Bacillus thuringiensis produces a powerful toxin protein that kills the European corn borer when ingested. In response to this observance, researchers modified the Bt gene that produces the protein in the organism. Then, they inserted the modified gene into corn germplasm. Scientists can even choose which part of the corn plant they want to display the Bt trait: in green tissue and pollen, or even corn leaves, sheath, stalk, ear shank, kernels and silks. As a result, the Bt gene-enhanced corn germplasm is able to kill the corn borer just as the Bacillus thuringiensis organism can. How to cite Hydrophonics: An Agricultural Advancements, Essay examples

Leadership Theory

Question: 1. How can what happened at Enron be explained by some of the theories of leadership that you have looked at? 2. In what ways does leadership influence culture? 3. What can be done to reduce the type of unethical behaviour demonstrated in this case? What are your recommendations? Answer: Introduction Leadership is an important aspect for a successful business. The business success is influenced by a sustainable and healthy culture along with a good leadership strategy adopted by an efficient leader. In every small or large organization, a well adopted leadership culture could be identified which helps to promote the organizational culture leading to a successful business. On the other hand, an inappropriate leadership style adopted by the leader or an inefficient leader could lead to the downturn movement of the business profitability and sustainability (Hargreaves Fink, 2012). Here, in this assignment, the major focus is the organization Enron Corporation which is a well known energy company and was the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history. The organization was known to experience the largest audit failure. There were a number of pitfalls recognized in Enrons management system as well as in leadership management which contributed in the failure of the organization. It has been revealed from the case scenario of the organization that the senior management misled the board of directors and there were a number of issues in financial reporting which were not presented in front of the share holders (Gaines, 2012). Thus, it could be said that improvement in the leadership would help the organization and senior management to avoid these kinds of problems. Here, in this assignment, the major purpose is to explain the incidence of the organization Enron based on the leadership theories. In addition, how the leadership included the organizational culture would also be discussed here. Then the recommendations for reducing these kinds of unethical behavior in the workplace would be discussed in the organizational context. Comprehension The organization Enron showed both simple and complex which should be followed. The organization showed issues in leadership, organizational culture, rewards, unethical behavior and other issues. On the other hand, the complex issues include unraveling financial dealings. The Enron shareholders filed a $40 billion lawsuit after enhanced stock price of the organization (Tonge, Greer Lawton, 2003). It has been revealed that the CEO Jeffrey Skilling established a staff of executives by using the accounts loopholes and poor financial reporting. In this way, billions of dollars in debt from their failed projects and deals were hidden. The chief financial officer of the company along with the other executives misled the board of directors and audit committee of the company for regarding the high-risk accounting practices. In addition, they pressurized the audit accountancy partner to avoid these issues (Spillane, 2012). It has been revealed that various executives of Enron were charged fo r these kinds of activities. The organization showed to have individualism culture. The leadership and management culture influenced only focus upon uncontrolled pursuit of profit which thereby interfered with the ethical behavior and following ethical codes by some employees. The organizational culture showed that the senior management employed the risk taking culture in the organization and offered rewards for extra profits achieved by the employee and the staffs are encouraged to manipulate their profit estimates. The performance review committee forced the employees to be into the line by controlling them in such ways. The executives and senior management made false commitment regarding their treatment with employees (Day Antonakis, 2012). The appraisal scheme for the employees led to the promotion and bonus for the employees at the top of the organizational hierarchy and dismissal of the employees at bottom line. In this unethical way, the senior management of the organization fired 15-20 % employees having lowest performance which were replaced by the new employees and this cycle was carried throughout the successive years (Tonge, Greer Lawton, 2003). It was the major downside of Enrons business. The CEO of the company Jeff Skilling depicted that h is only priority, being the CEO of Enron is to keep the stock price up. However, from his comment, it is clear that the CEO is only concerned about the companys profit in any way which should not be the case (Dorfman et al., 2012). As a CEO, he should be responsible for empowering his subordinates with good treatment. Thus, he showed his aggressive nature which influenced his autocratic leadership nature. 1. Analysis and problem diagnosis There are various kinds of leadership theories which help the leaders to shape their leadership skills and culture under which they are going to apply the leadership strategies. Here, the situation can be explained as having a negative impact of leadership upon the employees and the organizational sustainability and growth (Alvesson, 2012). A lack of appropriate and ethical leadership has been identified in the organizational context which led the organization towards failure and bankruptcy. In this context, a number of theories can help to explain the organizational leadership and the incidences happened in Enron. Here, different kinds of leadership theories would be explored. The first theory which could be explored to explain the situation in Enron is the Behavioral theory of leadership. This theory focuses upon the behaviors of leaders. The leaders can adopt any of three types of leadership style including autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire leadership. Here, according to the argument of Shao, Feng and Liu (2012) the autocratic leaders attempt to take their decisions without taking ideas from their subordinates or without consulting with the fellow team mates. This leadership style helps to make decision within very short period of time and it helps to get successful outcomes when there is no need for inputs from the other members. In Enron, it has been seen that, the senior management team as well as the CEO of the company was following the autocratic leadership style. It has been depicted by Schaubroeck et al., (2012) that the autocratic leadership is not suitable for employees satisfaction and empowerment. It allows the employees to feel less valued which affects their performance. In the autocratic leadership, sometimes, the leaders do not allow employees to take part in organizational decisions which could enhance employees dissatisfaction. Sometimes, in autocratic leadership, the leaders force the subordinates to do some job without asking their perspectives or willingness to do the work. With this theory, the status of Enron Corporation can be discussed. In the organization, the CEO showed aggressive skills along with the individualism culture which depicts that the CEO is not involving employees in organizational decision making processes (Kabasakal et al., 2012). The CEO depicted that the rule in Calif ornia are terrible, that showed disrespect towards the national legislative framework. In spite of discussing with the subordinates about the ways to enhance their profit margin, the CEO depicted that the rules are pushed at the edge in an effort for making profit in a business. He was influencing his subordinates through these types of thought and manipulating them to gain more profit. Another theory can be useful to discuss the status of internal powers in the organization French and Ravens five forms of power theory. This theory depicts that understanding from where the power is coming in the workplace. According to the theorists, there are five bases of power in the organization. Legitimate- the power of legitimate comes from the perspective that the person has the formal right to the right to expect compliant and obedient from others. However, this power is being misused in Enron. The performance review board has been shown to force the employees to come into line which is an unethical practice (Wilderom, van den Berg Wiersma, 2012). Reward- This power is the result of individuals ability for compensating employees compliance. However, the senior management team as well as the CEO, Skilling are not compensating the compliance of the employees efforts who are at the bottom of organizational hierarchy and were showing biasness towards the employees who are at th e higher levels of organizational structure by promoting and rewarding them (Acar, 2012). Expert- This power comes from the high level of knowledge and skills of a person. In the Enrons case study, experts were not properly valued; they were only guided by the higher authorities (Reeves Ventura, 2012). Coercive- This power comes from the belief by which one can punish others for noncompliance. However, the CEO and senior management did not follow this theory. They attempted to fire 15 % employees yearly for low performance which is against the business ethics (Moynihan, Pandey Wright, 2012). In the transactional leadership theories, the value of positive and mutually beneficial relationship within the team members and leaders has been highlighted. Here, the transactional theory highlights that development of a mutual reinforcing environment can be done by rewarding employees for their excellence and improvement in performance (Steers, Sanchez-Runde Nardon, 2012). The transactional leaders are more efficient in developing mutual relationship with subordinates. 2. Theory and practice Culture of an organization can be defined as the set of perceptions, beliefs, norms and values followed in the organization. Cultural aspects are the pillar of the organization. There is a strong relationship within the leadership and organizational culture. Based on the strategies adopted by the leader, the culture is developed (Dickson et al., 2012). It is because the employees and fellow staffs would follow the direction guided by their leader. Therefore, the leadership skills and strategies would be reflected in the organizational culture. The values, beliefs, perceptions set the organizational norms which are followed by the employees. In this context, the values and norms of the leaders would be the major factor while setting the organizational norms because the employees would also reflect the cultural aspects similar to the leader (Hermalin, 2012). Thus, the leadership style and strategies are very much important in analyzing the organizational culture. The theoretical model provided by Edgar Schein revealed the relationship within organizational culture and leadership. According to the theorist, the organizational culture can be directly as well as indirectly influenced. The direct mechanism includes exemplary behavior, perception, opinion, status. On the other hand, the indirect influences include formal guidelines, organizational mission, organizational design, rituals and corporate identities (Rockstuhl et al., 2012). According to the theorist, the leadership is the source of values and beliefs and the most central issue for leaders is to understand the deeper levels of culture. There are three sources of cultures, the first one is values, beliefs and assumptions of founders, the second one is learning experience of the members and the third one is the new beliefs gained from the new members (Alvesson Spicer, 2012). Three levels of culture include artifacts, espoused beliefs and values and the basic underlying assumptions. In t his context, the leadership style of the leader would influence the assumptions of the organizational culture. In the context of Enron Corporation, the individualism culture was influenced by the autocratic leadership style adopted by the CEO Skilling and senior management. They attempted to rule and control their subordinate employees by forcing them to enter into their guided line (Slavin et al., 2012). On the other hand, the higher authority shaped the culture in such a way which promotes the unethical behaviors of the employees as well as the higher authorities. In this model, it has been depicted that the leader and the leadership culture shapes the organizational strategies, objectives and philosophies, undertaken by the organization. In this context, Skilling depicted about his noncompliance with the national business rules and from the history of the organization, the noncompliance and unethical practices of the organizational executives has been revealed which reflects about the unhealthy culture in the organization which is the reason behind the organizational failure (Erkutlu, 2012 ). 3. Recommendation There are a number of ways to reduce these kinds of unethical behavior in the organization through the improvement of leadership skills and style. The senior management and the CEO should adopt an employee friendly leadership style which will promote ethical behavior of the employees with a healthy culture in the organization. Ethical leadership is the key to socially responsible business. Thus, in this context, the following recommendations are provided. Adaption of employee-friendly leadership by the management The leaders of the company should adopt an employee-friendly leadership style. At first, the skills related to the democratic leadership should be learned and the employee friendly environment should be provided. The democratic leadership skills would promote the establishment of god relationship with the employees. The employees would be allowed to take part in the organizational decision and the employees would be felt valued and would be motivated to perform better. The democratic leadership would enhance the employees support through ethical practices in organizational performance and reward system. The transformational leadership style should be adopted by the leader for adopting change management strategies which would help to improve the situation. The major aspect which should be changed is cultural principles and morals which would be then followed by the employees. The change management is needed for improving the situation. The major goal is to include ethical environment where the employees would get job security and they would be valued as the organizational asset. In the ethical environment, no discrimination or biasness would be allowed. New and efficient management team should be appointed for reviewing the performance of employees based on which they would be rewarded without discrimination. Improved HRM department The HR department should adopt the principles of ethical leadership while managing the human resource. They should not separate ethics from day to day business and they should make the executives aware that the ethics is the way they operate their businesses. The new HR management team would review any kinds of negative interpersonal behavior which can hinder the development of trust within the employees and leader. The HRM department should be aware of the ethical and professional codes and should follow all the legislations and business rules while dealing with the employees issues. The HRM staffs would be trained in such a way that they would undertake strict action upon addressing any kinds of unethical behavior from either higher or lower level staffs, it would keep the organizational ethics high. The recruitment and termination process should be stricter. Training of staffs The training of staffs is needed to make them aware of the ethical codes and professional responsibilities. When the employees would be aware of their professional responsibilities and the ethical culture followed by the organization, there would be no chance of ethical misconduct in from the side of the employees. Whenever, the employees would feel to be valued they would attempt to follow the ethical codes in the business. For ongoing ethical journey, once-in-a-year training program should be followed. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that leadership is one of the key aspect in the organizational context which is important for a healthy and well-established culture in the organization. In this context, the organization, Enron Corporation shown to be the biggest bankruptcy in U.S. history. The leadership skills and management of the organization was responsible for the organizational failure. From the case scenario, the financial down turn and the related causes were analyzed. It was analyzed that the CEO, Mr. Skilling had a negative approach towards the business. He only attempted to enhance the organizational profit in spite of empowering or concerning about the employees or his subordinates. It dissatisfied the employees along with their commitments to get their target. In this assignment, leadership theories were explored and analyzed for understanding and explaining the incident in the company. Then in that theoretical context, the influence of the leadership skills upon the organ izational culture were discussed and finally suitable recommendations were provided for coping with the situation which might be undertaken for the organizational benefit. Reference List Acar, A. Z. (2012). Organizational culture, leadership styles and organizational commitment in Turkish logistics industry.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, 217-226. Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. London Alvesson, M., Spicer, A. (2012). Critical leadership studies: The case for critical performativity.Human relations,65(3), 367-390. Day, D. V., Antonakis, J. (2012).The nature of leadership. Sage. London Dickson, M. W., Castao, N., Magomaeva, A., Den Hartog, D. N. (2012). Conceptualizing leadership across cultures.Journal of World Business,47(4), 483-492. Dorfman, P., Javidan, M., Hanges, P., Dastmalchian, A., House, R. (2012). GLOBE: A twenty year journey into the intriguing world of culture and leadership.Journal of World Business,47(4), 504-518. Erkutlu, H. (2012). The impact of organizational culture on the relationship between shared leadership and team proactivity.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(1/2), 102-119. Gaines, K. K. (2012).Uplifting the race: Black leadership, politics, and culture in the twentieth century. UNC Press Books. Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2012).Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. London Hermalin, B. E. (2012). Leadership and corporate culture.Handbook of organizational economics, 432-78. Kabasakal, H., Dastmalchian, A., Karacay, G., Bayraktar, S. (2012). Leadership and culture in the MENA region: An analysis of the GLOBE project.Journal of World Business,47(4), 519-529. Moynihan, D. P., Pandey, S. K., Wright, B. E. (2012). Setting the table: How transformational leadership fosters performance information use.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,22(1), 143-164. Reeves, D. B., Ventura, S. (2012). i Leadership.AGENDA. Abington Rockstuhl, T., Dulebohn, J. H., Ang, S., Shore, L. M. (2012). Leadermember exchange (LMX) and culture: A meta-analysis of correlates of LMX across 23 countries.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(6), 1097. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), 1053-1078. Shao, Z., Feng, Y., Liu, L. (2012). The mediating effect of organizational culture and knowledge sharing on transformational leadership and Enterprise Resource Planning systems success: An empirical study in China.Computers in Human Behavior,28(6), 2400-2413. Slavin, S. J., Schindler, D., Chibnall, J. T., Fendell, G., Shoss, M. (2012). PERMA: A model for institutional leadership and culture change.Academic Medicine,87(11), 1481. Spillane, J. P. (2012).Distributed leadership(Vol. 4). John Wiley Sons. London Steers, R. M., Sanchez-Runde, C., Nardon, L. (2012). Leadership in a global context: New directions in research and theory development.Journal of World Business,47(4), 479-482. Tonge, A., Greer, L., Lawton, A. (2003). The Enron story: you can fool some of the people some of the time.Business Ethics: A European Review,12(1), 4-22. Wilderom, C. P., van den Berg, P. T., Wiersma, U. J. (2012). A longitudinal study of the effects of charismatic leadership and organizational culture on objective and perceived corporate performance.The Leadership Quarterly,23(5), 835-848.

tornadoes Essays (235 words) - Meteorological Phenomena, Meteorology

Tornadoes The Lord is slow to anger and great in power, and the Lord will by no means clear the guilty. His way is in whirlwind and storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet. Nahum 1:3 Tornadoes are tapered, files of air that violently rotate. There are different types of tornadoes. Some of these types are, the Fire Whirl, Multiple Vortex Tornado, Waterspout Tornado, Landspout Tornado, Dust-Devil Tornado, Gustnado Tornado. Crazy and unpredictable wind traps are formed in thunderstorms when hot air rises and the cool air sinks. First, when the hot air rises it pushes the cold air down causing a circular motion. As this circular motion continues, it gains speed. Once it is twirling fast enough, it starts to grow. Eventually the whirl will hit the ground and starts its destruction. Tornadoes form all over the world in various places such as, Australia, Europe, Africa, New Zealand, Asia, North America, and South America. They are most common in the South where the temperature is hotter. This is because tornadoes need hot and cool air to form. Weather can be very dangerous. Out of all the atmospherical storms, tornadoes are the most violent. In conclusion, tornadoes are rapidly spiralling funnels that live in the south and destroy whatever they can reach. Thank goodness they are not native to Washington .

Mexico and United States Foreign Policy Relations

Mexico and United States Foreign Policy Relations Mexico was originally the site of various Amerindian civilizations such as the Mayas and the Aztecs. The country was later invaded by Spain in 1519 which led to a prolonged colonial period that would last until the 19th century when the country finally gained its independence at the end of the war of independence. Mexican-American War The conflict was sparked when the U.S. annexed Texas and the Mexican government refused to recognize the secession of Texas which was the precursor to the annexation. The war, which began in 1846 and lasted for 2 years, was settled via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which led to Mexico giving up even more of its land to the US, including California. Mexico further transferred some of its territories (southern Arizona and New Mexico) to the U.S. via the Gadsden Purchase in 1854. 1910 Revolution Lasting for 7 years, the 1910 revolution ended the rule of the dictator president Porfirio Diaz. The war was sparked when the U.S.-supported Diaz was proclaimed the winner of the 1910 elections despite mass popular support for his rival in the election Francisco Madero. After the war, the various groups that made up the revolutionary forces splintered as they lost the unifying goal of unseating Diaz - leading to a civil war. The U.S. intervened in the conflict including the involvement of the U.S. ambassador in the plotting of the 1913 coup dà ©tat which overthrew Madero. Immigration A major issue of contention between both countries is that of immigration from Mexico to the U.S. The September 11th attacks increased the fear of terrorists crossing over from Mexico leading to a tightening of immigration restrictions including a U.S. Senate bill, heavily criticized in Mexico, supporting the construction of a fence along the Mexican-American border. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) NAFTA led to the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico and the U.S. and serves as a multilateral platform for cooperation between both countries. The agreement increased trade volume and cooperation in both countries. NAFTA has come under attack from Mexican and American farmers and the political left claiming that it hurts the interest of local small farmers in both the U.S. and Mexico. Balance In Latin American politics, Mexico has acted as a counterweight to the policies of the new populist left characterized by Venezuela and Bolivia. This led to charges from some in Latin America that Mexico is blindly following U.S. commands. The biggest disagreements between the left and current Mexican leadership is whether to enlarge American-led trade regimes, which has been Mexicos traditional approach, versus a more regional approach favoring Latin American cooperation and empowerment.

Consulting Case Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consulting Case Assignment - Essay Example The firm’s quick ratio during 2003-2004 was 0.79. In 2003-2004 the cost of goods sold of the company increased by 41.20% The cost of gods sold of the company have increased at an alarming rate considering that the sales growth factor in fiscal year 2003-2004 was 6.40%. Higher costs of goods sold have diminished the profitability of the company. The cash position of the firm is catastrophic. Its cash balance has been declining since 2001-2002. The cash balance of the firm this year was -$5,804. The organization is suffering from cash flow problems. The situation has escalated to a point that the firm might be forced to shutdown operations because the company will be unable to pay its short term obligations without any cash. Cash is the most important asset because it is used to pay for business transactions. Another problem that the company faces is limited production capacity. The lack of production capacity is hurting the ability of the company to take large orders. Two human resource problems the firm has are absenteeism among the staff and underperforming managers and supervisors. The first issue that must be attended is resolving the cash flow position of the firm. The company is at the blink of bankruptcy. Typically all loans go into default after 90 days without payment. A simple solution that the firm can implement in the short term to solve the liquidity issues of the firm is factoring. Factoring is the sale of the account receivables of the company at a discount. The balance of accounting receivables of the company is $123,501. If the firm is able to factor its receivables at a 10% discount rate the company will generate a cash influx of $111,151. The firm also has to attend the problem of rising cost of goods sold. The increase in costs is the main reason that the profitability of the company is negative. A solution to reduce cost of goods sold is sourcing materials from a Chinese manufacturer. China is the top

Small scale soda bottle rocket launcher capable of shooting a two Research Paper

Small scale soda bottle rocket launcher capable of shooting a two liter soda bottle repetitively and at different angles - Research Paper Example Movable joints are utilized to rotate the launcher at different angles. A thin coat of cement is applied to prevent any leak. It helps to understand the laws of physics that are related to the motion of the rocket. Introduction Newton’s Laws of motion play an important role in our life. Laws of motion depict a scientific explanation for the different type of works we do in our daily routine with respect to locomotion and actions related to motion. In vehicular motion, laws of motion play an important role in determining the distance, time and velocity of the moving object. On the other hand, the motion of rocket and similar types of propulsion engines, laws of motion are also utilized to depict the relation between the force, acceleration and mass of the object and the force to carry and move the mass. Rockets works by utilizing second and third law of motion, where the ignited fuel acts as the force to continue the motion of the rocket. ... The small Soda bottle rocket launcher is much effective in understanding the procedure and the process which makes a rocket accelerate at such high speed. Research and Literature Review Soda bottle rockets make utilization of used soda bottle, which are capable to high pressure due to the strength of the plastic is uniquely selected to bear the immense pressure of soda inside the bottle. Such types of bottle can be used for a normal pressure application. Soda bottles are considered best for the soda bottle rockets due to the capacity and incredible design and light weight of the bottle. In colleges and homes many people build the launching pads for launching the water soda bottle rockets to clear the concepts of real rockets and in homes, it is considered as the fun to launch the empty soda bottle water rocket. Most soda bottles are soft drink bottles, which hold cola or other soda based flavors (Kagan, Louis & Lynda, 150). Soda water rockets can reach as much as 100 meters on the ve rtical axis and more than 100 meters on the horizontal axis provided that the projectile is carefully selected to be 45 degrees (Gurstelle, 34-45). The soda bottles are partly filled with water and then the water is pressurized by pumping air into the bottle by utilizing a hand pump or an electric or mechanical compressor. Any other fluid can also be utilized instead of water, but water presents the best qualities as compared to all other fluids. The most significant feature is the least cost and massive availability of water (Kagan, Louis & Lynda, 150). Water rockets mostly rely on the pressurized air. The more the amount of pressurized air,

New Venture Creation and Business Planning Essay

New Venture Creation and Business Planning - Essay Example Particularly, cash flow forecast indicates Tea Infusions will sustain cash reserves of  £0.18 million at the end of Year 1 of operations. This is achieved by keeping labour costs low, procuring cost-effective raw product from China, and the high mark-up rate on finished product compared to raw materials costs. The business anticipates long-term profitability and will have substantial retained earnings throughout the first year of operations to pay salaries to executives and employees working in the organisation. Payback of all start-up capital will occur within Year 2 of operations. The business is proactive in identifying potential risks, including information technology failures, equipment failures and issues with supplier competency in delivering timely and fresh products. The company, to explore all potential risks, will be creating a steering committee that reports directly to the Board of Directors as a means of establishing a competent and well-developed risk management system. Tea Infusions recognises that there is a gap in the market for distributing Chinese teas with limited suppliers selling foreign teas. In Brighton, on the Southern coast of England, there are 480,000 citizens that are not being serviced with different Chinese tea products. In the UK as a whole, there is a substantial increase in the population of Asians and the Asian tea culture has gained popularity in the country in recent years. Hence, this illustrates an opportunity to bring top quality Chinese teas to a market with demand for these products and where many rare Chinese teas are unfamiliar to consumer demographics. In Brighton area, rare teas include Dragon Well Tea (Long Jing Tea), Bi Luo Chun Tea, Keemun Black Tea and Ba Bao Tea. Common infusions which accompany a well-bodied cup of tea include the foreign goji berry, lyceum berry, and the red jujube, each with a sense of mystical intrigue and physical

Changes in Teacher Ideologies

Changes in Teacher Ideologies Summarise discuss: Sullivan, K. (1997). Theyve opened Pandoras Box: Educational reform, the new right and teachers ideologies. ln M. Olssen K. Morris Matthews. (Eds.), Education policy in New Zealand (pp. 254-261). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press. (extracts) From page 254: Education Reform and Competing Ideologies Within the extract under investigation, Sullivan is building a case to legitimise his theory that Teachers fundamental professional and ideological principals and intentions are just as important as what and how they teach. In order to clarify his point he provides a model for defining what exactly the concept of an ideology in isolation involves and in the context of educational theories. In his argument he persuades the reader to accept that an ideology is a pre-conceived notion of what humans and in this context in particular teachers are programmed to consider appropriate and exceptional; that an ideology is an individual belief system which can alter politically but not necessarily physically. During the time this piece was written a number of educational reforms were taking place in New Zealand and teacher’s roles were having to adapt accordingly, with the school authorities and boards of trustees exacting greater control over them as employees. Consequently losing them a great deal of freedom within their teaching positions. The extract under discussion proposes that the traditional ideology adopted by most teachers is a humanist approach to life and working with children and adults in a l earning capacity. That this humanist ideal is fundamental to their character and instinctive responsibility as a teacher, or as Sullivan conveys ‘their ideology is largely intuitive and implied, based on some important but usually unstated assumptions’. He then goes on to list these assumptions in detail and proposes the notion that they have deep rooted understandings of how their own role functions under the auspices of the government and the traditional understanding of what they have always meant to mean education in its original context. The rationale for presenting this understanding is in relation to the writer’s broader argument relating to the New Right movement in New Zealand politics which has implemented new educational reforms in antithesis to this humanist ideology. Holistically Sullivan’s overall understanding and opinion of how teachers are adapting is by way of building themselves a new ideology which remains humanist but is also applying a resistance and reinforced method of working practice in response to the government’s new line and legislation. However Sullivan’s theories are not merely a personal observation, the outcomes of his conclusions have emerged from empirical data that he collated from interviews undertaken with fifty primary and intermediate school teachers employed in the Greater Wellington area of New Zealand. The new Education system in New Zealand adheres to an ideology which is essentially anti-humanist and the article is written at a time when the country had been dominated by New Right ideologies. These were in stark contrast to the humanist and liberal ideas that dominated Education in the decades before. The article quotes the progressive Educational pioneer John Dewey. He adhered to the opinion that only constant good is change for the good. Dewey did not measure levels of success based on standards, rather against human inspiration and passion (Tiles, 1990). And it is these measures of standards that Sullivan is critical of in his paper. This is emphasized further in Sullivan’s study Teachers Standards and Professionalism where he suggests that teachers have become pawns in the movement to implement right wing ideology across the country, criticising the new management approach to learning which appears to operate more as a business enterprise. How teachers have lost their authority to parents who dictate the way in which they now function. The modern philosophy of the New Right can be attributed to the breakdown of the original ideals of the Welfare State, reflected not only in New Zealand but in many countries around the world who adopted these principles during and following the outcomes of the Second World War. In particular with the English Government during the 1980’s and the new Conservative driven Education Reform Act of 1988. (Lingard et al, 1993) This new devolved system in New Zealand moved from a centralized arrangement to a structure whereby schools now take responsibility for their own governance and management. The country’s Ministry of education which was established under the 1989 Education Act takes forward the following aims and objectives: provides education policy advice to the Minister of Education and the Government; purchases services on behalf of the Crown; allocates funding and resources to schools and early childhood education providers; oversees the implementation of approved education policies; manages special education services; collects and processes education statistics and information; and monitors the effectiveness of the education system as a whole with ‘Separate education agencies hav(ing) national responsibilities for qualifications and quality assurance’. Additionally most education providers operate independently from Government and are rather controlled by boards of trustees or elected councils. Sourced from: http://www.minedu.govt.nz/educationSectors/InternationalEducation/ForInternationalStudentsAndParents/NewZealandEducationSystemAnOverview/Central_Agencies_and_Providers_A_Devolved_System.aspx, Date accessed 16/10/08 Teachers have consequently needed to adapt and find a new position for themselves as basic blue-collar working classroom teachers in a non-democratic environment. As such this has forced them to build new relationships and alliances with Boards of Trustees and amongst civil society. (Gordon, 1992) To discuss the context of this new change in thinking across New Zealand it has not merely acted in response to the UK government but has primarily acted on the issues that occurred during the 1970’s and 80’s when the country was witness to significant problems relating to trade, business, the balance of power and a dwindling economy. It was these concerns that paved the way for changes to the education system as a means of improving the national standards of the workforce and employment opportunities. (Perris, 1998) The New Right philosophy brings with it a complete list of ideals that include the necessity to implement order, reinstate traditional values, social hierarchy and family responsibility. (Dale and Ozga, taken from Lingard et al, 1993) In addition there is a strong emphasis on the relationship between power and knowledge, including a set of educational benchmarks to achieve forward New Right thinking. These predominantly include: That education should be structured in a way that enables parental influence to succeed over quality Education should be provided within a diverse range of institutions, to which admission is based on selection Provision of Education should be accountable to the parents, by way of the appraisal of teachers and through the frequent testing of students and teachers, with the right of publication of these results. (Bell and Gilbert,1996) Prior to this New Right trend vision which sought to improve schools on the basis of poor economies, gaps in the workforce and ill preparation of young people for the workplace, all curriculum development was governed by the Curriculum Division of the Department of Education and was reviewed regularly with ‘input from subject committees, the Department of Education, teacher groups, training colleges and independent schools. Later included university teachers†¦.’ This philosophy carried on into the 1950’s with a curriculum which was developed and delivered by educators who were considered the most authoritative to do so. (Davis, 2007) This was in line with the traditional concepts established during the 1877 Act which adhered to the National Public School system, with native New Zealand schools falling under the control of the Department of Education and Public Schools ministered by Education Boards. Therefore from 1879 there were two systems of state schools running alongside each other. It was the intention then to eventually integrate the teaching of native and ‘new’ residents to the country, although this was never successfully achieved. The state took control of Education in New Zealand in 1877, adopting a policy which epitomized neutrality. Even the teaching of religion was prohibited. (Bell and Gilbert, 1996). A new Education Act was taken forward in 1914 which sought primarily to consolidate all those strategies of the 1877 legislation and to make further developments to benefit Secondary Education and administration. This was followed up with 43 further amendments until A Commission on Educat ion was conducted in 1962 recommending improvements to teaching salaries, curriculum development, teacher training and the need to reduce class sizes. The proceeding 1964 Education Act failed however to implement any of these recommended changes and merely reinforced the previous statutes. (McClaren, 1974) The Curriculum Division which had been so progressive following the Second World War and into the 1950’s closed in 1989, with the politics of the New Right now dominating the future for educational reform across the country. Much of what had been established during the 1877 Act ‘An Act to make provision for the further Education of the people of New Zealand’ (McClaren,1974) was torn apart in 1989 and reinforced with an Education Amendment Act in 1990 and four further amendments the following year. Interestingly in McClaren’s Education in a small Democracy he emphasizes the negative aspects of Government control throughout this long period of history and the excessive amount of education administration structures that existed, which served to create an often bureaucratic and ineffectual Education system. For example he quotes ‘In 1972 25,000 laymen were working sometimes at cross purposes in the interests of separate, largely isolated sectors of the education system, their energies more often devoted to the improvement of lavatories than to the advancement of learning.’ It is an interesting contrasting theory to that of Sullivan who blames the new market ethos for undermining the ability and capacity of teachers to carry out their role effectively as essentially humanist, bureaucratic actors working for the fundamental ‘social good’ of the child and society as a whole. Considering the business culture of the New Right to be affecting the ideologies inherent in teachers and their philosophy to react against anti-humanist thinking. Sullivan insinuates in his paper ‘Educational reform, the New Right and teachers ideologies’ that teachers are essentially being forced to work against the best interests of the child and instead are having to accommodate the economics and politics being addressed by the parents, Boards of Trustees and civic bodies that they are now accountable to. The Guide to Print Culture in Aotearoa tells us that The Education Act 1877 existed to provide free, compulsory and secular education and standardized r eading systems. The emphasis of the curriculum stressed reading and writing and children were graded according against their ability measured by six standards. The reading texts were predominantly moral tales that were written for the benefit of British council schools and upheld strong values and morals and were ‘directed towards civic and moral duty’ all those considerations that are taken into account by the New Right ideology and yet quite clearly existed in the annals of the original 1877 agenda. Over a century of government control is obviously going to affect the way in which a country adapts to new measures of educational implementation and as Sullivan addresses; it is not necessarily a complete change for teaching staff that is necessary in order to work to a new ideology, but rather a need to maintain their own individual ideologies, whilst adjusting to the New Right agenda. However it is apparent that many of the original ideals of the 1877 Act and those that were adhered to and reinforced decades after are themselves questionable. Schools were segregated and their still remained everyday problems amongst the teaching profession. Department of Education Inspectors reports citing the methods and most significant problems and complaints made by teachers was the lack of reading books and materials for the children to work with. Sourced from http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-GriBook-_div3-N12E47.html, Date accessed 16/10/08 This is not a problem in today’s public Education system. It could also be argued that for such a great number of years for a country to experience no other alternative to state intervention and control it seems obvious that problems will occur with the ‘deep-seated assumptions’ that Sullivan refers to in the teaching profession in terms of their ideologies. Teachers should be acknowledged for their knowledge and skills for understanding how to deliver learning programmes and prepare children for the wider world but in addition to taking on board the legislation they are operating within as well as remembering that the child is the most important factor. Davis philosophically refers to this aptly in his paper Whose Education Is It Anyway? ‘†¦As it says in a quote on a school staff room wall: ‘No one ever got taller through being measured’. Bibliography Sullivan, K ‘Teachers Standards and Professionalism: Contested Perspectives in a Decade of Reform’: Victoria University of Wellington Lingard, B, Knight, J, Porter, P.H (1993) Schooling Reform in Hard Times: Routledge, Dale, R, Ozga, J ‘Two Hemispheres – Both New Right? 1980’s Education Reform in New Zealand and England and Wales’ taken from Lingard, B, Knight, J, Porter, P.H (1993) Schooling Reform in Hard Times: Routledge, Bell, B and Gilbert, J (1996) Teacher Development: A Model from Science Education: Routledge Gordon,L (1992) ‘Educational Reform in New Zealand: contesting the role of the teacher’, International Studies in Sociology of Education, Volume 2, Issue 1 Perris, L (1998) ‘Implementince; Ducationr Eforms In New Zealand: 1987-97 A Case Study’, The Education Reform And Management Series, vol 1, no2 Peters, M, Marhall, J.D (1996) Individualism and Community: Education and Social Policy in the Postmodern Condition: Routledge Davis, R.A (2007) ‘Whose Education Is It Anyway?’ Why It Is Important That Teachers Understand and Question the Broader Contexts Shaping the Curriculum’, New Zealand Journal of Teachers’ Work, Volume 4, Issue 1, 32-38, 2007 Leicester, M, Modgil, C, Modgil, S Education, culture and values: Routledge Tiles, J.E (1990) Dewey: Routledge McClaren, I.A (1974) Education in a Small Democracy New Zealand: New Zealand: Routledge Book Print in New Zealand: A Guide to Print Culture in Aotearoa Education Act 1877 New Zealand Electronic Text Centre Sourced from http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-GriBook-_div3-N12E47.html, Date accessed 16/10/08 Sourced from: http://www.minedu.govt.nz/educationSectors/InternationalEducation/ForInternationalStudentsAndParents/NewZealandEducationSystemAnOverview/Central_Agencies_and_Providers_A_Devolved_System.aspx, Date accessed 16/10/08

The Republic - Book 1 - Theme Of Justice Essay -- essays research pape

The subject matter of the â€Å"Republic† is the nature of justice and its relation to human existence. Book I of the â€Å"republic† contains a critical examination of the nature and virtue of justice. Socrates engages in a dialectic with Thrasymachus, Polemarchus, and Cephalus, a method which leads to the asking and answering of questions which directs to a logical refutation and thus leading to a convincing argument of the true nature of justice. And that is the main function of Book I, to clear the ground of mistaken or inadequate accounts of justice in order to make room for the new theory. Socrates attempts to show that certain beliefs and attitudes of justice and its nature are inadequate or inconsistent, and present a way in which those views about justice are to be overcome. Traditionally justice was regarded as one of the cardinal virtues; to avoid injustices and to deal equitable with both equals and inferiors was seen as what was expected of the good man, but it was not clear how the benefits of justice were to be reaped. Socrates wants to persuade from his audience to adopt a way of estimating the benefits of this virtue. From his perspective, it is the quality of the mind, the psyche organization which enables a person to act virtuously. It is this opposition between the two types of assessment of virtue that is the major theme explored in Socrates’ examination of the various positions towards justice. Thus the role of Book I is to turn the minds from the customary evaluation of justice towards this new vision. Through the discourse between Cephalus, Polemarchus and Thrasymachus, Socaretes’ thoughts and actions towards justice are exemplified. Though their views are different and even opposed, the way all three discourse about justice and power reveal that they assume the relation between the two to be separate. They find it impossible to understand the idea that being just is an exercise of power and that true human power must include the ability to act justly. And that is exactly what Socrates seeks to refute. The Socratic dialogue begins of Socrates recounting a conversation he had with a number of people at the house of Cephalus. Returning to Athens from Piraeus, where they had been attending a religious festival, Socrates and Glaucon are intercepted by Cephalus, who playfully forces them to come to his father’s house. Socrates begins by asking t... ...s are a paradigm case of those in control. The essence of ruling is, therefore, to be unjust and that is why a tyrant is a perfect ruler. He always knows what is to his advantage and how to acquire it. Thrasymachus’ view of justice is appealing but therein lies a moral danger and this is refuted by Socrates. Out of the confrontation with Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus, Socrates emerges as a reflective individual searching for the rational foundation of morality and human excellence. The views presented by the three men are invalid and limited as they present a biased understanding of justice and require a re-examination of the terminology. The nature in which the faulty arguments are presented, leave the reader longing to search for the rational foundations of morality and human virtue. Bibliography Allan, Bloom. The Republic of Plato. Second Edition, Basic Books. 1991 Foster, M.B. The Political Philosophies of Plato. New York, Russell and Russell. 1965 Annas, J. An Introduction to Plato’s Republic. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1981 White, N.P. A Companion to Plato’s Republic. Indianapolis, Hackett. 1979 Graby, J. An Inquiry into the Works of Plato. New York, McGraw. 1961.