Sunday, August 23, 2020

Kennedy address Essays - Rhetorical Techniques, Kennedy Family

Kennedy address Essays - Rhetorical Techniques, Kennedy Family Kennedy address The energetic vitality found in John F. Kennedy's discourse is apparent all through. He had recently won a long hard battled crusade, yet decided not to concentrate on the arrangements that helped him win explicitly. The objectives he has are represented in solid interests to feeling, by making an association with the ordinary American resident. He customizes his discourse in anticipating the future while utilizing the past for instance. Kennedy stays dynamic with his words by never yielding on the principle objective he has of harmony between two restricting powers. In discussing all that he should manage as a president and worldwide symbol taking a stab settled, he states, I don't shrivel from this obligation - I invite it, close to the finish of the discourse. This shows his diligence as a pioneer and permits audience members to hear the quality of this assurance. He imparts his vitality to the individuals, guaranteeing that the objectives of a superior world can be accomplished if just exertion by everybody is given. The activism in his words can most obviously be seen when he centers around what the two sides can do to take care of the issue. His definitive objective of harmony between contradicting powers gets apparent in his plan to, carry the outright capacity to crush different countries under the supreme control everything being equal. Total loans to the solid lingual authority utilized all through his disc ourse, and is utilized here to bring this case of zeugma together. He comprehends individuals are terrified of the world, and he stands emphatically before them demonstrating somebody who might be listening isn't reluctant to haggle for harmony. The allegorical word usage makes a portion of Kennedy's best interests to the crowd. He utilizes an illustration here in a promise to Southern countries, to help free men and free governments in pushing off the chains of neediness. Not just does his objective of freedom become increasingly obvious with the utilization of this analogy, however he likewise shows the shameful acts of the past won't be rehashed uninhibitedly with an allegory. He alludes to fiendish despots of the past saying, the individuals who stupidly looked for power by riding the rear of the tiger wound up inside, obviously shows his goals of turning into a simply figure on the worldwide level. Formal phrasing brings out a feeling of national pride particularly in alluding to past Americans as ancestors, an indication of regard. During his initial line he carefully follows the tending to of numerous renowned government figures by consummation with individual residents. He puts the Americans comparable to different f igures referenced. Kennedy's utilization of short sections, now and again one-sentence passages, permits him to not drag excessively long on one point. The intrigue to a bigger segment can be made as he utilizes short non-serious inquiries that can apply to anybody. This can be seen while examining the call to join against worldwide foes, he asks, will you go along with us in this noteworthy exertion? Long complex sentences are the standard in the discourse. Opposing proclamations like the renowned ask not what your nation can accomplish for you - approach what you can accomplish for your nation, can be seen all over, and they loan themselves well to the focuses he attempts to make. The utilization of parallelism makes a portion of these perplexing sentences with his posting of a few key thoughts fitting together in one long sentence. Kennedy likes to utilize revelatory sentences to emanate the quality he has. He makes revelations to those new states whom we welcome to the positions of the free, and, to those people groups in cottages and towns over the globe. The reiteration of these explanatory components causes it to appear that he will really do his strategy. Calling individuals energetically makes up a decent segment of his discourse. The utilization of hortative sentences like when he over and over utilizations let the two sides shows that he anticipates not doing this by itself. The modesty comes through in these suggestions to take action, however he additionally remains with his dynamic methodology by utilizing basic sentences. He orders that residents ask themselves how they can assist the circumstance. Through the game plan of the sentences with the goal that he first says what not to do, and afterward what ought to

Friday, August 21, 2020

Making everyone a Millionaire(persuasive speech 9/ Essay Example For Students

Douglas MacArthur Background Dwindle Liu Douglas MacArthur, a well known military planner in the United States, He filled in as administrator of the US Far Eastern Army during the Second World War, and officer of the Allied Commander of the Southwest Pacific Theater. MacArthur is the most youthful brigadier of the United States, the most youthful leader of the West Point, the most youthful Army head of staff throughout the entire existence of the US Army, and the three most youthful experience is the Wizards throughout the entire existence of American war.(Douglas MacArthur. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.) So Douglas MacArthur is a decent broad, since he lead the USA to win the WWII, by utilizing his reasonable psyche. MacArthur is an exceptional and disputable general in American history, and he has gotten more applause and analysis than other American commanders. In the subsequent universal war stunning star, he is neither as simple as Eisenhower, nor as intense as Barton. He is an exceptionally mind boggling and bright character. January 26, 1880, was conceived in the United States Arkansas modest community of 30 kilometers south of a military family. His dad Arthur MacArthur II most elevated filled in as the US Army Samsung Lieutenant General, he was enlivened by MacArthur to turn into a soldier.(MacArthur: the most youthful head of the West Point, the most youthful head of staff of the US Army. MacArthur: the most youthful head of the West Point, the most youthful head of staff of the US Army. Np, nd Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) In 1899, MacArthur was admitted to the US Army Officer School (West Point). During the school both hard examination, yet additionally center around physical exercise. after 4 years to 98.43 purposes of graduation, the record of the West Point of the schools graduation score record (this record has not been broken), was designated Engineering Corps second lieutenant; April 20, 1904, elevated to building lieutenant. In June 1919, 39-year-old MacArthur was delegated leader of the West Point, turned into the school since the schools most youthful head. He generally duty respect the nation as the maxim of the school. School recreation center at the top, stood a plaque, engraved with his sentence above: Today, in the inviting site planting under the seeds, tomorrow, will be gathered on the war zone natural product! On April 19, 1951, in a goodbye discourse before the congressional gathering, a discourse was made Veterans never kick the bucket, simply blur away.I am going to end the fifty-two years of military profession. I am the military before the start of this century And this is my youth expectation and dream of the acknowledgment of the past, I have been in the West Point military foundation since the promise, the world has changed ordinarily, and my expectation and dreams have a distant memory, however I despite everything recollect the most mainstream A warrior, gladly pronouncing Old fighters never kick the bucket, they simply blur away.(http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2120831047 N.p., n.d. Web.) For the duration of the life of MacArthur, in contrast to some other general in American history, his life is loaded with legend. He was the most youthful brigadier of the US military in the First World War, and later turned into the most youthful of the US military and the most youthful armed force head of staff; he was the just one to take part in the First World War, the subsequent universal War and the Korean general of the Korean War. Simultaneously, he is additionally the most compelling Americans in the Pacific.As an alum of West Point, he got the most elevated position of the understudy group and graduated with the most noteworthy evaluation. From that point forward, he has won numerous firsts in his vocation. He was blessed enough to serve the military staff, in Mexicoâ fearless execution once; was lucky as Rainbow Division head of staff to France boldly indicated a few, turned into the most youthful of the US brigadier. After the primary universal war, he is a transient a scent: 1919 to turn into the most youthful West Point school principals, so unbending, confronting the breakdown of the West Point was new; in 1925 to turn into the most youthful armed force lieutenant, has filled in as the officer of the third armed force Philippine US military administrator; in 1930 to turn into the most youthful armed force head of staff, for the US military to fabricate it solid. (Who is the most elevated military official of the United States in the Philippines during the war? Baidu knows. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.)During his stay in the Philippine military counsel, he once pulled back from the US military, yet turned into the main American who was granted the title of Marshal. February 3, 1946, MacArthur educated the Allied central command to draft an example of the Japanese constitution. The US government provided the Constitutions rules in September 1945 to MacArthur that the Japanese government must be totally engaged by all voters and responsible to all voters. On May 3 the Allies presented a draft constitution. On October 7, the Japanese parliament passed the constitution. On November 3, Japan declared another constitution. (MacArthur Was Appointed President Truman President of the Allied Forces in Japan. N.p., n.d. Web.)This is a constitution by the occupiers from the outsiders by the Westerners as per Western qualities as indicated by the Western set forced on the arrangement of acclimated with the East, however to the individuals of the vanquished country of the involved country Has brought the constitution of the standard of popular government and opportunity, brought a quiet and prosperous constitution, brought a cheerful constitution. On the off chance that Mike Arthur was an almighty military officer on the front line, he was a lively reformer in governmental issues, despite the fact that Roosevelt had said he was not a decent lawmaker, despite the fact that he was running for multiple times. The greater part of the individuals who considered him felt that the best execution he left to people in the future was that he prevailing with regards to moving Japan from primitive militarism to current popular government. During the control of Japan, he transformed the authority of the sovereign into his own hands, utilizing tyrant tyranny to keep Japan out of medieval despotic fascism. (World War II, man of the circumstance. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.)At this point, MacArthur was viewed as a visionary legend, he forced middle class majority rules system in the Japanese, subsequently making the post-war new Japan. He has additionally prevailing with regards to smothering the biggest mass development in Japanese history and is focused on building Japan into an enemy of socialist dam. This enemy of socialist cognizance is most unmistakably reflected in his mentality towards the Korean War, and this disposition from start to finish about his reasoning and activity. He considers the To be War as an incredible definitive fight against the influx of socialism, which concerns the interests and fate of the United States in Asia and the world, and is identified with the life and passing of the entire industrialist world, so it can just come up short and fizzle. In light of this understanding, he effectively added to the obstruction of the Korean common war, on edge to send troops to dispatch a progression of hostile, and emphatically clatter to the war to China. The nation was invited by a remarkable brave triumph and distributed his celebrated goodbye discourse at the Capitol Hill. From that point forward, in spite of the fact that he was to imitate the magnificence and hurl for some time, however all things considered, is the nightfall dusk, the staying light in the co ntinuous vanishing, and eventually immersed for the dimness. MacArthur is the most youthful brigadier of the United States, the most youthful leader of the West Point, the most youthful Army head of staff throughout the entire existence of the US Army, and the three most youthful experience is the Wizards throughout the entire existence of American war.(Douglas MacArthur. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.) January 26, 1880, was conceived in the United States Arkansas modest community of 30 kilometers south of a military family. His dad Arthur MacArthur II most noteworthy filled in as the US Army Samsung Lieutenant General, he was propelled by MacArthur to turn into a soldier.(MacArthur: the most youthful head of the West Point, the most youthful head of staff of the US Army. MacArthur: the most youthful head of the West Point, the most youthful head of staff of the US Army. Np, nd Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) I am going to end the fifty-two years of military vocation. I am the military before the start of this century And this is my youth expectation and dream of the acknowledgment of the past, I have been in the West Point military institute since the promise, the world has changed commonly, and my expectation and dreams have a distant memory, yet I despite everything recall the most well known A fighter, gladly proclaiming Old officers never pass on, they simply blur away.(http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2120831047 N.p., n.d. Web.) After the main universal war, he is a transient ascent: 1919 to turn into the most youthful West Point school principals, so unbending, confronting the breakdown of the West Point was new; in 1925 to turn into the most youthful armed force lieutenant, has filled in as the administrator of the third armed force Philippine US military leader; in 1930 to turn into the most youthful armed force head of staff, for the US military to construct it solid. (Who is the most noteworthy military official of the United States in the Philippines during the war? Baidu knows. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) The US government provided the Constitutions rules in September 1945 to MacArthur that the Japanese government must be totally enabled by all voters and responsible to all voters. On May 3 the Allies presented a draft constitution. On October 7, the Japanese parliament passed the constitution. On November 3, Japan declared another constitution. (MacArthur Was Appointed President Truman President of the Allied Forces in Japan. N.p., n.d. Web.) During the control of Japan, he transformed the authority of the head into his own hands, utilizing tyrant fascism to keep Japan out of primitive imperious tyranny. (World War II, man of the circumstance. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) South Pacific war zone island fighting, specifically catch the significance of the US military to advance the island in 1941, the flare-up of the Second World War was selected back to the military, filled in as officer of the US Far East Army, order the US military in the Western(http://www.docin.com/p-3851

Sunday, July 5, 2020

The Childrens Republic by Hannah Moscovitch - Free Essay Example

Hannah Moscovitchs play, The Childrens Republic stakes out its ground unmistakably. Actually, as well: When the gathering of people enters the theater it sees the words Warsaw 1939 composed on the stage floor. When it returns after the break, the words have changed to Warsaw 1942. Since the key setting is a Jewish orphanage, we realize what were in for. The vagrants themselves start the second demonstration by chalking on a divider the new limitations that bind them to the ghetto. They at that point mostly deface them, in a quiet grouping injected similarly with edginess and disobedience. The play, commissioned jointly by the Great Canadian Theatre Company and the Ottawa School of Speech and Drama, is to some extent a festival of and dedication to Dr. Janusz Korczak, who ran the shelter and was a pioneer in the support of youngsters rights, physical and moral. In one of the most punctual scenes, he holds a receiver against the chest of one of his charges and declares to concealed examiners this is the way a tykes heart sounds within the sight of grown-ups † a great line that I rushed to record, just to find that it had been imprinted in the program, twice. Scarcely less full is Korczaks reason for changing himself from doctor to instructor: You cant cure destitution with Headache medicine. These might be immediate quotes from source † Moscovitch confesses to lifting a couple † yet that would simply demonstrate she knows how to obtain and in addition how to compose and build. She holds the uncommon capacity to portray substantial chronicled subjects on little local canvases, without debasing the first or expanding the second. This is the best new Canadian play in a longish time. But at the same time its second-level Moscovitch in which the creators plan, similar to her legends if less sadly, gets wrecked by history. The primary portion of the play is generally about youngsters self-governance. Korczak sets up a youngsters court in which the vagrants settle their own question by putting each other on trial and afterward rendering judgment. However, once the Germans have attacked, these things wind up plainly disputable. Life in the ghetto winds up noticeably about survival; Korczaks youngsters are in a jail inside a jail, illegal the lanes for expect that they would be damaged, or more terrible, by what theyd find there. One kid, a troublemaker from the begin and profoundly pained, breaks out, in all detects. Hes maybe more self-ruling than Korczak might want; theyre similarly obstinate yet the relationship is repeated as opposed to investigated. The play is intense however saving in its portrayal of the moving toward Holocaust; obviously, the gathering of people can fill in the vast majority of the spaces. The odd outcome is that the second demonstration is more energizing than the first yet les s fascinating. The creator additionally allows herself a note of elevate toward the end that feels both unique and unmerited. The play is moving and convincing, and Alisa Palmer has given it a strained and delicate generation, however she cant keep the primary half, made up of short scenes, from appearing to be rough; the second advantages from having less advances. Dwindle Hutt, esteemed veteran of Shaw and Stratford, has an uncommon possibility at a main part and takes it wonderfully, indicating Korczak as a man keeping despair under control while transmitting scholarly energy and viable concern. As his assistant, Kelli Fox needs to exchange amongst bothering and supporting him; she does both compellingly however there are times when she is by all accounts expressing the conspicuous rather too clearly. Check Correia as the dissident heads a striking determination of vagrants whose different individuals are Elliott Larson (touchingly tremulous), Katie Frances Cohen and Emma Burke-Kleinman. Theres likewise a fragile execution by Amy Rutherford as a polite teacher who, both in what we see and know about her, typifies the fear of the circumstances.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Public Opinion And Policy Implications Of Television

Television remains a very important standard regarding how the community view the criminal justice system. Most residents have very little contact with the criminal justice system, usually limited to contacts with police. Only an estimated 21 % of citizens have contact with police officers in a year, and 40 % of those contacts are merely traffic stops (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2002). Most people get their information and perceptions about crime and the criminal justice system through various media outlets. Those who rely on the media, however, do not always receive an accurate view of reality. Media depictions, whether accurate or not, have very important public opinion and policy implications. One prime example of how the media can have powerful influences on public opinion was the focus on school violence in the past decade. The school shootings in the 1990s caused a panic among many parents who had children in school at that time. As portrayed by the media, school violence and shootings were on the rise, and something had to be done. As a result of the public outcry, Congress held hearings on the problem, and school budgets were strained in order to get such enhancements as metal detectors and school cameras. The media attention given to school shootings seemed to result in a widespread panic, where actual statistics and logical assessments of the threat were replaced by emotionally charged reactions to these isolated incidents (Burns Crawford, 1999). In actuality,Show MoreRelatedAgenda Setting Theory And Social Media1317 Words   |  6 PagesMedia The agenda-setting theory states that the media influences what people choose to think about. The theory emerged from communication studies and focuses on mass media and setting the public agenda. In the seminal article, McCombs and Shaw (1972) found a high correlation between media agenda and the public agenda through content analysis of a local election. The theorists wanted to discover what types of people are most susceptible to the media agenda through quantitative research. People acquireRead MoreEssay Final Exam Questions740 Words   |  3 Pagessubstantially different? 5) In a 1969 address, Vice President Spiro T. Agnew discussed the â€Å"importance of the television news medium to the American people.† He noted that â€Å"it must be recognized that the networks have made important contributions to the national knowledge- for news, documentaries, and specials. 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The relationship between news media and voting preferences has become a hot topic in recent years worldwide. This paper will focus on the social and social-psychological aspects of media influence on the voting preferencesRead MoreFraming and Agenda Setting Bias in News Media Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pageshalf a century ago. The Fairness Doctrine, which was eliminated in 1987, was a policy that required the holders of broadcast licenses to both present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that was, in the Federal Communications Commissions view, honest, equitable and balanced. The Doctrine obligated broadcasters to devote some of their airtime to discussing controversial matters of public policy and to air contrasting views regarding those matters. 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In addition, the media can frame political agendas by influencing public perception and interpretation. (Ginsberg, Lowi Weir, 1999) Agenda Setting and Framing Political Figures and Candidates In campaigning, media coverage playsRead More Media And Politics: Agenda Setting And Framing Essay871 Words   |  4 Pages How has media influenced public perception of political figures, issues, and institutions? Through agenda setting and framing, media has the power to set the agenda for political discussion by providing public attention to political figures, issues, and institutions. In addition, the media can frame political agendas by influencing public perception and interpretation. (Ginsberg, Lowi amp; Weir, 1999) Agenda Setting and Framing Political Figures and Candidates In campaigning, media coverage playsRead MoreAgenda Setting Theory And Social Media s Influence2238 Words   |  9 Pagesmonths on the front page of The Washington Post because McCombs and Shaw believe that the â€Å"mass media have the ability to transfer the salience of items on their news agenda to the public agenda.† They aren’t suggesting that broadcast and print personnel make a deliberate attempt to influence listener, viewer or reader opinion on the issues. Agenda setting is one of the fundamental mass media functions. Through exercising this function, mass media are forced to simultaneously satisfy certain material

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

An Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Life - 1497 Words

Live with an Author Framework Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, on January 19th, 1809 and was best known as a writer of dark poetry and short stories. Poe had an interesting and somewhat tragic upbringing , he was orphaned as a young child and then raised by an affluent couple called John and Frances Allan from Richmond, Virginia. Poe spent 5 years in England as a young child and studied different languages , however his university career was short lived as his father would not pay for his schooling. Poe’s troubled life continued when he tried to rebuild his relationship with his father after some time in the army , however again his father s refusal to give him†¦show more content†¦Edgar Allan Poe’s work contains many references to death and tragic circumstances. Poe uses dark comedy and romance also which seems to express his personal struggles in his life using symbolism and allegory . In the poem The Raven, Poe describes someone who is alone and very fearful and has recently lost someone, which can be related to Poe’s personal loss and loneliness. The Raven highlights struggles with fear and how it can amplify a simple noise like a knock on the door into something more sinister. â€Å"Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning.† (31). The narrator in the story very paranoid, to the point where he actually feels like his soul is on fire and becomes too paranoid to go back to sleep.His paranoia is connected to his fear of being alone in the darkness. In the Cask of Amontillado, Poe tells the story of the narrator’s plan to kill Fortunato in a very calculated way. The story described a lot of hatred and tension between the characters and is filled with irony that is apparent to the reader but not to Fortunato.An example of this being a quote from the middle of the story when Fortunato says â€Å"I shall not die of a cough. † â€Å"True – true,† I replied.† (37-38).The narrator jokingly agrees with him while knowing Fortunato will die of something else. The reader can see this and this builds more tension between both the narrator and Fortunato and the reader and Fortunato. Poe was writing about

Separation of Mixtures Lab free essay sample

A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? The procedures in the lab manual seem to follow the actual procedures of the experiment very closely with the exception that I had to use the microwave because the water with the sodium chloride had not evaporated quickly enough. B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used.The main disadvantage of the proposed procedure was that you had to allot long periods of time for different things to dry or evaporate making this more of a 2-3 day experiment. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? If when removing the iron particles the magnet did not attract all of the fillings this is would then affect all the other separations involved in the experiment and most likely make the final sand mass higher. We will write a custom essay sample on Separation of Mixtures Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment?Spillings, which are always likely or possible in any experiment, would make for a higher % of error in the data. Also if the magnet did not collect 100% of the iron fillings from the mixture the data would be off. Conclusions: This experiment taught me methods of how to separate different solid from a mixture. I learned that certain solids, like the sand, separate because it will not dissolve into water while the sodium chloride and benzoic acid still dissolved but even after dissolving I was able to separate the two back into a solid state after water evaporation.I encountered a few minor errors during this experiment like some spilling of the original mixture while transferring it into the weighing dish. Also I had to eventually microwave the sodium chloride and water to finish the evaporation process. Overall I learned a lot about the separation process and enjoyed practicing the different methods even though the accuracy of my final date might be off.

Tuesday, April 21, 2020

Sparta Essays - Phalanx, Hoplite, Spartan Army, Sparta,

Sparta In the 7th Century BC a new era of warfare strategy evolved. Before this new strategy, foot soldiers (known as hoplites) engaged in battle in the form of one mob for each army which on the command of their generals runs at each other and proceeds to hack blindly at the enemy with little to no direction other then to kill the enemy in front of them. This proved to be very messy and the tide of battle depended mostly on emotion and size of an army. In the name of strategy and organization, the phalanx was developed. A phalanx is simply defined as a line formation with its width significantly larger then its depth. The depth of the phalanx is a variable which some suggest was decided by the army itself rather then by the leaders of the army. The smallest depth appears to have been that of one man deep. However this was a unique occurrence which is widely believed to be fictitious. The largest depth is that of 120 men deep which was fielded at one time by the Macedonians. On average, the depth of the phalanx appears to be about eight men deep. During the time of Alexander the Great, the phalanx was believed to be eight men deep, but some argue that it evolved into a sixteen man deep phalanx. The Spartans purposely varied the depth of their phalanx so to confuse the enemy about the number of soldiers fielded. The phalanx proved to be a very valuable weapon for the military at that time. Armies which did not adapt to the phalanx formation were quickly slaughtered. The use of the phalanx allowed the Greeks to win the Persian Wars. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Many historians believe that the development of the phalanx led directly to social changes occurring throughout Greece during the time of the phalanx's implementation. The phalanx formation allowed men to participate in the military who otherwise could not have because a much smaller investment in weapons and armor was needed to participate in the phalanx. The combined increase in the number of those participating in the army and the increase in importance of the common foot soldier lead to the common man being increasingly treated better by the ruling classes. Eventually this may have led to the invention of democracy. The most noticeable difference between ancient Greek and modern warfare is the amount of "intelligence" information. Today our military maneuvers are almost exclusively reliant on information we get from satellites, scouts, or spies in the opposition. The ancient Greeks totally ignored this area of military strategy. Countless tales of armies meeting each other by chance or armies passing within miles of each other without knowledge of the other. Intelligence information seemed to have come by chance for the ancient Greeks rather then by conscious effort. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Surprise is also an element of war which in modern times is taken very seriously and which was taken very lightly in ancient Greece. In fact there is evidence that ancient Greek soldiers raised their voices in the form of a marching song when they were told that an enemy was near and may be caught unprepared. This war song, called a paian, was also used to promote organization in the marching army so that all soldiers would march with an even step. In addition, the paian was used to promote courage and bravery. A paian was also used on ships to announce the nearness of the enemy. When the actual battle was joined the paian turned into a war cry. The Spartans often accompanied the paian with a flute or several flutes. The Spartan King would lead the paian as well. The use of the paian for attack appears to have Dorian roots. The Spartans are usually the ones associated with the use of a paian. Thucydides mentions that when the Dorians, from other city-states, started a paian when they were serving in an Athenian army, fear was struck into the hearts of the Athenians. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Finally the sizes of the armies were very different from what we are accustomed to today. We are familiar with armies of tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, or even millions. The